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bulk wholesale men silver jewelry The English name of Jade is Jade, which is derived from the Spanish aggressor. They named the jade plundered by Mexico as PIEDA Be IJADE, and Ijade was the last word of the word.
The real jade is soft and hard. The usual jade refers to nephrite, and a rough jade has another popular name -emerald. Nephrite (Nephrite) is water -containing calcium magnesium silicate, with 6.5 hardness, excellent toughness, translucent to opaque, fibrous crystal collection. Jadeite (Jadeite), sodium aluminum silicate, hardness of 6.5-7, translucent to opaque, granular to fibrous sets, causing tight blocks. The two jade shapes are very similar, and the proportion of riffing (3.25-3.4) is greater than nephrite (2.9-3.1).
jade is a relatively noble type in the ore. The ancient Chinese believed that jade was the embodiment of glory and happiness, and the symbol of resolute and kindness. Some foreign scholars also regard jade as the "national stone" of China.
This China is the earliest and most widely used country in the world. There are many records in the ancient books, and the names are also very mixed, such as water jade, yuyu, Pei jade, fragrant jade, nephrite and so on. The sparkling stone nephrite jade jade unearthed from Chahai site in Fuxin City, Liaoning, is about 8,000 years (early in the early Neolithic era). It is the earliest real jade that the world knows so far. It is said that when the Huangdi princes were seized in ancient times, jade was used as a sign that they enjoyed power. In the future, many emperor jade's "Chuan Guo seal" was also made by jade. The Shang Dynasty has used Mo Yuya to convey the order of the king. In the Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC -256 BC), it has begun to use jade. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the king of Zhao Guo got a very precious jade "He's". After King Qin knew, he promised to exchange it with fifteen cities. Although it was only a conspiracy, it can also be seen at the time.
Why do the ancients see jade so precious?
First of all, jade looks good and colorful. The ancient book "Said" records that the so -called jade is "the beauty of the stone". The colors of jade are grass green, green onion green, dark green, gray white, milky white, and the color is deep and soft, forming a unique warm and smooth color. Chinese people like a semi -transparent white and even yellow and white "sheep fat jade" -the Tianyu, as well as the jade with green bands in white- "moss jade in the snow".
Secondly, the ancient people were superstitious and believed that jade had the effect of preventing demon and avoiding evil. Use jade to make cups, bowls, discs and other sacrifice tools and jade bracelets, jade pupa, rings, cigarettes and other decorations.
Third, the toughness of jade is strong and can be hit by the hammer. This characteristic can not even compare diamonds. Using jade color and this advantage can be carved into exquisite crafts and decorations such as animals, flowers, plants, pavilions, and pagodas.
In 1935, a large earthquake attacked the Chinese crafts in a small craft shop in Santa Barbara's small crafts shops all fell to the ground. But what makes the owner please is that although the most valuable jade products are placed on the top of the shelf, one piece is not damaged. Obviously, jade is very tough.
The greedy jade of the Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty. It is said that a tributer dedicated a large diamond stone jewelry. She was not acceptable, but instead welcome to give her a small and exquisite "Emperor" green jade product. She has a precious ring, shaped like a small cucumber, which is carved with high -quality jade. She wore jade bracelets on her wrist, and a few fingers wearing a jasper ring and a three -inch jade nail sleeve. After her death, the funeral items had a large number of jade treasures.
The largest jade in the world was mined by the sea near the U.S. California in 1971, weighing 5 tons, and was named "King of Jade". In 1977, a neate jade weighing 28 tons was found in Lake Watson, Canada. A larger jade was found in Myanmar in 1978, weighing 90 tons. However, as early as 1960, a large jade was excavated in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province, my country, with a volume of 106.8m3 and wearing 267.76 tons, which was 204.05 tons more than the total weight of the three major jade abroad. Real "King of Jade".
The jade has five virtues: benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage, cleanliness.
The modern jade carving is divided into south and north. The South School is represented by Yangzhou, which is characterized by a delicate image. The North School is represented by Beijing, which is characterized by rough and momentum.
The beauty of jade is obviously different from the diamond and color gemstone. The beauty of the diamond lies in its hardness, clearness, brightness, and the beauty of color gems lies in its gorgeous gorgeous, and the beauty of jade lies in its delicateness, warmth , Mastener and elegant.
It alternative explanation: jade that is not carved. "Hanshu Western Regions Biography · Yu Yan Guo": East, Water East flow, Yan Ze, Heyuan out of Heyuan. More jade. Note: Jade, jade, also. One said that Shi Zhi is like jade. my country is rich in jade, such as white jade in Xinjiang, jadeite in Yunnan, agate in the northeast, Songshi of Hubei, the crystals of Taiwan and Hainan Island, the dense jade in Henan, the pink of Beijing, the stones of Hangzhou, and Nanjing Rainy agate, etc., are well -known jade raw materials.
It jade identification:
Pevant first, read carefully and read more monograph on ancient jade. These academic works are condensed with rich knowledge. Such as the "Ancient Jade Maps" by Wu Dazheng in the late Qing Dynasty, "Complete Works of Chinese Art: Jade" edited by contemporary Yang Boda, "Jade History" of Zhang Guangwen, Hong Kong Li Yinghao's "Identification Ancient Jade" and so on.
Secondly, it is very important to contact directly. Zhengu jade is old, heavy, soft, soft appearance, natural color, sharp knife workers, and moisturizing. Xinyu does not have these feelings. There were antique jade appeared in the Song Dynasty. At that time, some people forged chicken blood with rainbow grass. After the Qing Dynasty, there were more and more fakes. Too.
The quality of jade is generally judged from the five aspects: texture, hardness, transparency, proportion and color. The texture of jade refers to the fineness and warmth of jade. One of the differences between Wang and Shi is that the jade is delicate, gentle and firm, translucent, and luster like fat; while the stone is rough and dry, lack of luster, and opaque. Hardness refers to the ability of jade anti -external forces (such as pressure, engraving, grinding). The higher the hardness, the greater the processing difficulty, and the better the quality of the jade. Although the jade hardness index can be learned through the instrument detection of its internal crystal structure, the operation of the scratch hardness is generally used in operation. The hardness of common jade in my country is between 4 and 6 degrees, which is higher than the hardness of copper and is lower than the hardness of glass. In other words, jade can be engraved on the copper and can also be traced by the glass.
people often distinguish gems, jade, and color stones through the hardness of treasure jade. Generally speaking, the hardness of the gemstone is above 7, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emerald gems, but Opal gemstones are exceptions, and Mo's hardness is 5.5; Such as Hetian jade, Nanyang jade, emerald; low hardness jade hardness is between 4-6, such as turquoise and sailing (some snake texture jade is lower, which can be low to 2.5). Minerals below 4 are generally no longer called jade, but color stone.
In addition to the hardness, there is also a hardness standard called pressure -resistant hardness, or pressure into the hardness, that is, absolute hardness. It refers to the ability of anti -external strike power, and it is also called toughness in the jade industry. The highest stress hardness in nature is the black diamond, which is marked as 10 degrees, followed by Hetian jade, with the pressure resistance of 9 degrees, emerald, rubber, and sapped. Wait. In another way, Hetian jade's stress hardness is 1000, the jadeite is 500, the jade jade is 250, and the agate is only 5. Hotan jade has such high toughness, because its crystals are woven like blankets, and the force between molecules is very huge.
In practice, the jade craftsmanship usually views the jade by observing the mouth of the cricket. Generally, a small piece is cut, and the small hammer is broken. Observing the fracture, which is the glass nature as strong as the toughness. The jade with strong toughness is not easy to hit the fracture. Even if there is a fracture, the fracture is uneven; and the glass of the glass -based jade is bright through the cross section, called "bright", similar to the shape of the shell. The jade between the toughness and the glass is usually called "poor" and "meat". Through this observation, you can also observe whether the jade has the characteristics of the jade. If there is a crack or a crack, the jade will be disconnected in the direction of the explanation or crack when knocking.
This, it can be seen that Hetian jade with excellent toughness, Hetian jade, is very plastic during processing. Among the treasure jade of the same Mo's hardness or higher than its Mo's hardness, Hetian jade is , The Yinjian line will never start up the collapse, so its texture is fine, warm and moist. Of course, toughness and hardness are also affected by jade impurities, and the impurities can also be understood by determining tough hardness. ——This is a relatively large factors that determine the use of a piece of jade. For example, the magazine of Yushanzi and utensils for making jade is not very strict, but as jewelry accessories, jade is required to be pure and uniform.
The hardness of jade is one of the important basis for identifying jade, and the luster of the treasure jade is also the basic criterion for identifying the authenticity of the treasure jade and the level of grade.
In general, the luster of treasure jade can be simply classified as "Chan Guang", "Burning Light", "Flash" and "Light" in terms of light. Chan Guang is the strongest lightness. People must narrow their eyes. For example, the full reflection surface of the grinding diamond has such lightness; Generally, there is a splattered brightness; flash is the degree of light of general glass. It is divided into strong flash and weak flashes. Jade with high hardness is generally strong flash, and jade with low hardness is weak flash. The light of light.
In addition to the degree of light, gloss is also one of the identification characteristics of treasure jade. It is also divided into four categories: semi-metallic gloss, the refractive index is between 2.6-3, such as needle iron ore; diamond luster, the refractive index is between 1.9-2.6 For example, emerald; oil luster, animal -like oil, the most famous is the sheep fat white jade in Hetian jade. Each specific treasure jade has a specific refractive index, which is difficult to replace the substance in various conditions such as hardness, density, refractive index, and brightness. Therefore, through these standards of identification, it can be possible Confirm the identity and preliminary value of a piece of treasure.
At present, there have been pseudo jade synthesized by jade powder through artificial high -pressure synthesis. The colors and hardness are similar to Hetian jade. You must be careful when identifying. Zhengu jade includes Tuqin, limestone, water and silver Qin, corpse blood Qin, cinnabar Qin, copper Qin, surface oxidation layer, etc. Some of the pupae are fried, some are roasted, and some are eroded with chemical potion. of. It is important to find out the differences and differences between real products and crickets in terms of color, luster, thickness and other aspects. The carved lines on the surface of the jade articles are different, including V -shaped, semi -circular, and U -shaped. U -shaped is an important feature of modern machine processing. The carved lines and surface skin are bright, which is unanimous in terms of colors and pulp; the phenomenon of limel collapse on both sides of the line grooves is the characteristics of modern "machinery".
This of Bingqing Yujie Talk
In our country, jade has a long history and unique meaning. From ancient times to the present, people have made everything beautiful. It can be said that the development of jade culture and the development of Chinese civilization have formed an inextricable bond.
The beauty of ancient jade lies in the natural beauty of its material, but also the beauty of its shape, the beauty of carving, and the beauty of inner containing. The implication of human beauty has made Yu surpass the natural attributes of his "mountain elite". In the feudal society, Yuxi has become a symbol of power, synonymous with politics, and history has given it a super material consciousness.
"Zhou Li · Grand Bo" records: During the Zhou Dynasty, people made the jade as six instruments to the four parties of the heavens and the earth. There are also ancient people who governed the country by Anbang. "Said the text" says that jade has "five virtues": moisturizing to warm, benevolence also; ; Folding and not scratching, bravery; flaws are suitable, fine; Tibetan gloss and can not meet the tomb, to show; Confucius said that jade has "ten virtues": gentleman is better than jade, gentle and moist, benevolent; integrity but not stubborn, righteousness; However, Dongye is also; the flaws do not hide the Yu, the jade does not hide the flaws, loyalty; Fu Yin's side, Xinye is like returning to the rainbow, heaven, the spirit runs through the mountains, the earth also; Tao also.
Confucius is the founder of Confucian academics, and traditional Chinese culture is formed by interpreting development with Confucian culture as the main body. Since ancient times, the Confucian people have complied with the traditional concepts such as "gentleman Bide to jade" and "gentleman jade for no reason".
The development of Chinese jade culture is always with Chinese civilization. In 1949, the design draft of the New China national emblem was the design draft provided by Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin with the jade crickets as the main pattern, with the gear and wheat ears. In the past two decades, people's admiration and love for jade articles surpassed any historical period in the past.
In order to make people more comprehensively understand the development of Chinese jade culture and meet the needs of collectors, on April 16, 2007, the Chinese Cultural Relics Society launched 10 "Chinese famous jade" to restore the items. Liangzhu and Hongshan Culture continued until the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, including jade, jade dragon, jade pig dragon, jade jade, jade, jade, double earrings, out -of -halberd dragon bottle, four -legged Fang Ding, And jade seal and so on. Each jade was the most representative work at the time, and it best represented the aesthetic taste of the society at that time. The jade was exquisite and exquisite in craftsmanship. Many jade articles met the world for the first time in a physical form.