2 thoughts on “Ancient and modern Chinese and foreign classic masterpieces, what are the excellent readings?”
Harriet
wenku./link?ur=__-ns8whaemq rn./link?url=-_mita n R n L " / 23 works 4" Scream " / 33 books 5" Talking about Beauty Books " / 44 books 6" Species " / 52 books 7" Dream of Red Mansions " / 59" Old Man and Sea " / 70 books 9" Ziye " / 82 Masterpiece 10 "Thunderstorm" / 93 works 11 "Resurrection" / 106 works 12 "Siege" / 121 masterpieces 13 "Misery World" / 136 books 14 "Reminiscence of the Year of the Water" / 143 books 15 "Home" / 150 books 16 "Church "Dashan" / 161 books 17 "Water Margin" / 175 books 18 "Overwatch in Wheat Fields" / 185 books 19 "Notre Dame" / 193 books 20 "Journey to the West" / 203 books 21 " / 1111 book 22" Sin and Punishment " / 219 books 23" Goddess " / 227 book 24" Robinson Drifting " / 237 book" Analysis of Dreams " / 246 Book 26" Pocketer Wai Biography " / 251 Masterpiece 27 "Red and Black" / 260 book 28 "Goethe Talk" / 274 book 29 "Mathematics Principles of Natural Philosophy" / 286 book 30 "Quiet Don" / 291 book "Great Gatsby" / 297 books 32 "Farewell, Weapons" / 306 books 33 "Western Line No War" / 311 Books 34 "Mengtian Essay" / 317 book 35 "Unbearable Light in Life" / 323 book 36 "Hundred Years Lonely" / 329 books 37 "Dr. Riwago" / 338 books 38 "Twenty -two Military Regulations" / 350 books 39 "Transformers" / 359 book 40 "Outani Gelangtai" / 367 book 41 "Uncle Tom Uncle Tom The cabin " / The foreign masterpiece profile (1)" Anna Carenina " " Happy families are similar, and unfortunate families have their own misfortunes. " -" "Anna Carenina" The works: "Anna Carenina" is one of the most important masterpieces of Russian writer Tolstoy. As soon as this work came out, it attracted widespread attention. Russian writer Donervsky, who was contemporary, even believed that this was "a perfect artistic work". In modern European literature, "there is no similar thing to compare with it." "Anna Carenina" is indeed a great work. As a realist writer, Tolstoy wrote an unparalleled picture of Russian social life in the 1870s in this novel. Russian poet Fitt said that the author seems to have put the entire era into the novel. The reflection of the era: "Anna Carenina" was created in the 1870s (1873-1877). At that time, Russia was in a period of historical changes. The ancient Russian feudal landlords were violently impacted by the wave of capitalism in Western Europe. "Everything is upside down, and everything has just begun." It refers to the old order of the feudal aristocracy, and the capitalist system has just begun. In this historical period of the old and new alternation, the most attractive to Tolstoy's attention is the change of family and the fate of women. The family tragedy is endless, and the scenes are now in front of him, and the news of a woman's suicide due to love problems makes him shock and sad. This may be the direct reason he created "Anna Kalenina". The creative process: Tolstoy's creation of this novel is really spent. As early as 1870, Tolstoy began to conceive the novel. He told his wife, "I think of a typical of a woman who was born in a upper society and was married, but was a very painful woman." He said. "My task is to write this woman just poor but not guilty." In 1873, he started writing. His wife said in a letter to his loved ones that he wrote "a novel for modern life." The plot of the novel is "describing an unfaithful wife and all the tragedies that produce." He wrote in accordance with this idea. At first, he wrote very well. The first draft took about one month. But he finally completed the novel, but spent nearly five years of intense labor. It was not until 1875 that the novel began to publish in the Russian Herald. In 1878, the first one -line came out. In this long process of creation, he gradually expanded the scope of the subject matter, deepened the connotation of the theme, and strengthened the theme. As a result, this novel developed from a family tragedy caused by the infidelity of a wife at the beginning. The magnificent historical scroll of life. The impact on Chinese modern literature: The impact of Lev Tolstoy is huge. The power of his thoughts and art has been engraved in the literary and ideological and cultural fields of countries around the world. The famous Austrian writer Zwweg said well: Tolstoy's influence "Ruwu is from the center of the kingdom of heaven ... Tolstoy's thoughts ... the various spiritual activities of the 20th century." Anna Carey "Nina" is the main force of this impact. In modern Chinese literature, the influence of Thorstai can also be seen everywhere. In Lu Xun's "A Tips", there is Torz Thai -style self -introspection and confession; in Bingxin's "A Melancholy Young Man", the protagonist is very similar to Il Qiann in "Juvenile"; Bingxin's other work The image of the mother in "Superman" can be said to be the incarnation of Tolsta Thai -style love; Ye Shaojun's "Ni Huanzhi", Mao Dun's "Three People", Lu Yin's "Once the Sea", Wang Tongzhao's "Smile", Xu Di Shan's of Xu Di Shan's Among the outstanding works of modern Chinese literature such as "Tournament of the Net", Tolstoy's pan -love theory, labor concept, and human concept of humanity are all reflected. Many Chinese writers talked about Tolstoy's influence on him when talking about his literary experience. This: Tolstoy is the most complicated of all the great figures in the nineteenth century. —— Gorky (1828-1910) is one of the greatest writers of Russia's greatest representative of Russia's greatest representative of Russia's critical realist literature. Born on September 9, 1828, in Asatania Polyina, Clarpvin County, Tullapi Province. The Tolstoy family is a famous nobleman. His father is Earl Nicholas Iric, and his mother Maria Nicholaevna is the daughter of the Duke of Nicholas Scene Walcomki. Tolstoy received a typical noble family education since he was a child. He studied at the Department of Oriental Language of Kazan University and was ready to be a diplomat. The following year was transferred to the Department of Law. His main works include the autobiographical trilogy, "Childhood", "Youth", "Youth", the novel "A Morning of a Landlist", "Cossack", the novel "War and Peace", "Anna Katney" Na "," Resurrection ". The long -story "War and Peace" and "Anna Carenina" created from the 1960s to the 1970s have won him a high world reputation. The "Resurrection" created in the late 1980s was a summary of the author's life creation and ideological exploration. (2) "Piao" Profting works: "Piao" is a novel with romanticism and reflecting the theme of the North and South War by the famous American female writer Margaret Michelle. The spirit of rebellion and hard work and self -improvement of the heroes showed by the protagonist Si Jiali have always made readers love it. On the eve of the Northern and Southern War of the United States, Miss S Jiali, a 16 -year -old Tarra Manor in Georgia, loves neighbors Ashi Welx. After the outbreak of the war, Ahli married his cousin Melani Hammton. When he was angry, he married Charles he did not love. Soon, Charles died of illness during the war, and Sai Jiali became a widow. At a fundraising ball, she met Captain Ritter Butler. The war was approaching Atlanta, and Sai Jiali fled Atlanta with the help of Captain Ritter and returned to Tara Manor. Seeing that the former manor had become ruins, S Jiali was determined to revive the homeland, and for this reason, at all costs. Soon, Swai's second husband Frank died in the duel, and she was widow again. Ryte loved S Jiali sincerely and enthusiastically, and Swelite married Ritter soon. Although Ritter has a similar temperament characteristic attracting her, she is still obsessed with Ah Li Li she has loved. Ritter left S Jiali with sadness, but Si Jiali realized that Ritter was the only one who could really love her. This style: "Piao" created by Margaret Michelle (1900-1949) came out, and it instantly caused a sensation in the world. This was unexpected by the author. She only wrote this novel throughout her life, but based on this novel, she became a well -known celebrity. Some people describe that Michex is unknown to sleep at night, and wakes up the next morning to become the first celebrity in the country. The honorary honor was that in 1938, he won the Bonaipig Memorial Award, and won the Gold Medal of Southern Society in New York in the same year. Michelle was born on November 8, 1900 in Atlanta, Georgia. His father was a historian and was the chairman of the Atlanta History Society. Michelle studied medicine at the Smith Women's College of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Washington High School. In 1922, he served as a columnist of "Atlanta Daily", and later resigned due to ankle injury. Michelle has always liked to study history by his family. After resigning, he began to study the history of the North and South War between 1861 and 1865. Michelle wanted to reflect the research experience and achievements in the form of novels. After ten years of hard work, the novel "Piao" was finally completed. The publication of the novel immediately caused the world. (3) "Jane Love" The work Analysis: After the publication of "Jane Love", London was a sensation, and the famous writer Sak, a well -known writer of the author Charlotty Bronte, Ray praised it as "a masterpiece of a great genius". "Jane Love" describes the spiritual journey of the heroine's pain, suffering, resistance and pursuit. Jane is short and her appearance is not good, but she has a rich emotional world. She is never humble, maintaining her personality dignity, and winning Rochester's respect and admiration. Although she has gone through suffering, Jane Ai finally obeyed the call of the soul and returned to a fire in a fire. Essence Two sincerely loved the hearts of love and happiness. The success of "Jane Love" is that the work shaped the artistic image of the heroine Jane. Charlotte once said to two sister Emily Bronte and Annie Bronte: "I want to write a heroine for you, she is the same as me, her appearance is not amazing, she is short, but she wants It can also attract the interests of readers with any heroine you wrote. "The author's traditional writing of" Lang Cai Girls "successfully shaped a new type of woman image that is not outstanding and pursued an equal independent personality. This style: Charlotty Bronte (1816-1855) was an outstanding female writer in the 19th century. ; Sister Emily Bronte (the author of "Huo Xiaoshan") and Annie Bronte are well -known in literary world, and they are called "Bronte's Three Sisters". Charlotty was born at a poor rural pastor's house. He was sent to an orphanage as a child. After leaving the orphanage, he worked as a tutor, then continued to school, and taught English in the boarding school. Charlotty liked literature since childhood and loves writing. In 1846, he used the pen name "Bell" with two sisters and published the first collection of poems at his own expense. The publication of "Jane Love" in 1847 was a sensation in the literary world. The following year, her younger brother Brandwell and sister Emily died one after another. Soon the younger sister Annie also left the world. In order to forget the sorrow of life, she devoted her body and mind to writing, and completed the "Xie Li" (1949), "Veleter" (1853) and "Teacher" (1855). (4) "Camellia Girl" The works: This is a romantic love tragedy written by French writer Xiaozhong Ma. Margaret is a social star in Paris high society. Her extraordinary beauty and superb intelligence make her a chase of wealthy children. Since meeting with Alman, Alman's sincerity and dedication have made Margaret deeply moved, and the two loved each other. They stayed away from the prosperous city and lived a simple life in the suburbs of Paris. At this time, Alman's father asked Margaret to leave Almen for the reputation of the family. For the happiness of the Almamer family, Margaret left Almen. Alman, who did not know the inside, repeatedly insulted and embarrassed Margaret. Faced with the heavy blow of life, she was more discouraged by life. When Almen learned that true feelings rushed to Margaret, she died lonely in her apartment due to poverty and physical and mental suffering. A Xiao Zhongma (1825-1895), French novelist and drama writer, is the illegitimate child of Da Zhongma. The identity of an illegitimate child made Xiao Zhongma ridicule others in childhood and teenagers. In adulthood, the pain of pain is that the reality of French society has caused many women like their mother and son to be insulted and injured, and they are determined to engage in writing to change social morality. "Camellia Girl" is a famous work. He adapted it into a drama of the same name in 1852 and achieved greater success. Later, Xiao Zhongma wrote more than 20 dramas, and the realism tended to be more vivid. Due to his own life, he published many "problem dramas" with the theme of illegitimate children. In addition to "Camellia Girl", his masterpieces include "Half of Society", "Money Problem", "illegitimate Son", "Mrs. Obre", "Foreign Women", "Denitz" and so on. (5) "Christia's Enemies" The works: "Christia's Enemies" is a rare novel in the world's rare giant system. The novel is clever, the plot is twisted, the exciting, and the story is full of legend. The story takes place during the restoration of France. The protagonist Duntis is the major deputy of the ship owner Molair's merchant ship "Egypt". He was arrested and imprisoned for 14 years. In prison, he met Elder Faria. Elderly made him a knowledgeable and omnipotent strange person, and told him the treasure place on the mountains of Christ. When the elders died, Duntis managed to enter the sacks wrapped in the prison and escaped the Iveburg prison. After being released from prison, he got treasure and became the Earl of Christian Mountain. He was determined to use money to punish evil and promote goodness in the name of God. He repaid the owner of Molair, who had taken care of his father, and then punished all the enemies who framed him with clever means. The novel began serializing in Paris in Paris in 1845. As soon as it was published, it immediately caused Paris. Gorky praised that the novel was "a glory of reading". "Christia's Enemies" was born: Dazhong Ma specially loved to read "One Thousand and One Nights" and "Robin Han" and other romantic legendary novels. Essence Later, I carefully studied the style of Special History novels, and began to collect anecdotes and observe human customs in order to write popular novels. In 1842, he traveled on the Mediterranean and interested in Christian Island near Elba Island. He linked the island with the "Revenge Steel Diamond" case found in the Paris Police Police's old archives in 1838 So "Christia Enemies" was born. After the "Christian Enemies" were serialized in the "Debate", it immediately caused a sensation. The crazy readers wrote to the newspaper from all directions to inquire about the protagonist's experience in the future. The readers who were unable to hold back were even rushed to the printing factory to "buy" printing workers in order to see the story of the next day. A contemporary novel has such a "sensational effect", and its vitality can be so tenacious. Today, more than 100 years later, it is still loved by hundreds of millions of readers around the world. This situation is not much in the history of world literature. See. This style: Alexander • Zhongma (1802-1870), known as Dazhong Ma, is a representative of French romantic literature in the first half of the 19th century. His works are vivid, plot, and fascinating. Born in Velair -Korlett City on July 24, 1802. When he was young, he had been a small staff and document. He resigned from his duties because he wanted to engage in literary activities. The main literary achievements of Dazhong are in terms of novel creation. Representative works include "Three Swordsmen" (1844), "Queen Malg" (1845), and "Realm Mountain Enlust" (1845). Dazhong Ma's life was very rich. When the Victor Hugo evaluated Dazhong Ma, he said: "He is as refreshing as the thunder shower in summer, and is a flattering person. He is thick cloud, thunder, and lightning, but he has never hurt anyone. Everyone knows that he is as gentle as Ganlin in the drought and is generous. " (6)" How to make steel is made " The work analysis:" How to make steel "is The masterpiece of Soviet writer Ostrovsky is one of the most representative masterpieces in Soviet literature and one of the most exciting works in world literature. The novel describes the life of the protagonist Paul Kochakin, and has shaped us an endless and endless image of Bolswick. After the novel was published, it caused a huge response. The protagonist Paul also became a role model for the learning of the Soviet Union and our youth, inspiring people to move forward. This: Soviet writer Ostrovsky (1904-1936), born in Ostransh County, Wallen, Ukraine, his father and mother are workers. Because of his poor family, he had only been in elementary school for three years, and was forced to make a living by himself. After the victory of the October Revolution, he joined the Volunteer Army. In 1920, he was injured. Soon after a fight with the flood, he got typhoid fever and rheumatism, and joined the party in 1924. He has served as the district party committee secretary and local party committee secretary of the Communist Youth League. In 1927, he was paralyzed and blind. He engaged in literary creation with amazing perseverance. In 1933, he wrote the first novel, "How is Iron and Steel Made". In 1935, he was awarded the Lenin Medal. In 1936, "Born in the Storm" (the first part in the trilogy) was completed. (7) "War and Peace" The work analysis: Tolstoy's masterpiece "War and Peace" is the first epic and long book in the history of Russian literature. The novel was based on the war of Russia in 1812 and centered on the Russian Patriotic War in 1812, reflecting major historical events from 1805 to 1820. The novel was written from the Petersburg nobles in 1805 that Napoleon's battle in Europe was written. The work focuses on the thoughts and actions of Paul Conseci, Biekhof, Rostov, and Kurakin's forty families in war and peace. The fate of Natasha is a clue of the plot that runs through, depicting the social style of Russia and showing a vast picture of life. It is a realistic, heroic novel. The emergence of novels is just a period of unprecedented prosperity in Russia's critical realism literature. It looks like a bright star to add glory to Russian literature and also win the reputation of the world's literature for Tolstoy. This style: Tolstoy is the most complicated of all the great characters in the nineteenth century. —— Gorky (1828-1910) is one of the greatest writers of Russia's greatest representative of Russia's greatest representative of Russia's critical realist literature. Born on September 9, 1828, in Asatania Polyina, Clarpvin County, Tullapi Province. The Tolstoy family is a famous nobleman. His father is Earl Nicholas Iric, and his mother Maria Nicholaevna is the daughter of the Duke of Nicholas Scene Walcomki. Tolstoy received a typical noble family education since he was a child. He studied at the Department of Oriental Language of Kazan University and was ready to be a diplomat. The following year was transferred to the Department of Law. His main works include the autobiographical trilogy, "Childhood", "Youth", "Youth", the novel "A Morning of a Landlist", "Cossack", the novel "War and Peace", "Anna Katney" Na "," Resurrection ". The long -story "War and Peace" and "Anna Carenina" created from the 1960s to the 1970s have won him a high world reputation. The "Resurrection" created in the late 1980s was a summary of the author's life creation and ideological exploration. (8) "Resurrection" "Resurrection" is a masterpiece of Russian criticism of realist writer Tolstoy, and is one of the immortal masterpieces of world literature. The protagonist of the novel, Kaqiusha Martrova, was originally a daughter of a noble landlord's house. She was abandoned by the master's nephew and the Duke of the nobles Niechlotov. As a result, she was caught in a suffering life. She was driven away by the host with her pregnancy, wandering around, and became a prostitute for eight years. Later, she was arrested and killed by her fortune. Ten years later, Niehlionv appeared in court as a jury to trial the case of Matlova. He recognized the defendant, who was abandoned by him ten years ago, and he was condemned by his conscience. In order to atone for his soul, he ran around to reduce his sentence for her. When all the efforts were invalid, Martelova was escorted to Siberia and Niechlotv walked with her. On the way, the notice of the emperor Enzhulova's sentence was reduced, and the hard work was exiled. At this time, although Marslova loved Niechlotov, for his future, he rejected his proposal and combined with political prisoners Simon pine. The experience of the two protagonists show their spiritual and moral resurrection. The novel revealed the officials who were corrupt and the law, and touched the nature of the old law. (9) "Notre Dame" The works: "Notre Dame" in Paris was published in 1831, the founder of Hugo, the founder of Hugo The novel of value is known as the masterpiece of romanticism. The tragic story of the persecution of the church's darkness, the hypocrisy of the monks, and the cruelty of feudal aristocracy were deeply revealed by the novel through the Gypsian girl Esmerada. The novel describes the 15th -century Paris society, but the social reality of the author's era is degraded. The passage is full of anti -feudal, anti -education and anti -society's darkness of romantic fighting spirit. The author's style: The first generation of Wenhao — Hugo -Victor Hugo (1802-1885) is an important poet, novelist, drama and social activist in the 19th century. Born on February 26, 1802 in Beishangsong Province in eastern France. Hugo supports romanticism in literary ideology and politically supports bourgeois liberalism. In 1827, the rhyme script "Cromwell" and its preface. This "Preface" became an important declaration of the romantic movement at the time, and Hugo was also considered the leader of the romantic movement. The masterpieces of Hugo are: the novel "Notre Dame" (1831), "Tragic World" (1862), "Maritime Labor" (1866), "Smileman" (1869), etc. When the Paris Commune Uprising in 1871, Hugo was in Brussels. As the commune was brutally suppressed, he shouted loudly for the commune and made every effort to forgive the commune members. The novel "1993" published in 1877 is an important work in the later period of Hugo, which focuses on the author's humanitarian thought. (10) "Gao Old" The money can be bought and daughter. —— "Gao Old" The work analysis: "Gao Old" is one of Barzac's masterpiece, occupying an important position in "Earth Comedy". It is a hub station in the huge structure of "World Comedy", known as the "prelude" of "Earth Comedy". The novel, "The veil of tearing off the warmth of family relationships", criticized the naked money relationship between people and people in the capitalist society with great artistic power. The environment of the novel is detailed and realistic, the details describes delicate and vivid, and the characteristics of typical characters are prominent, making the work have a high artistic charm, and it still attract readers all over the world. This style: Balzak (1799-1850) is the most outstanding critical realist writer in France. Engels said he was "a master of realist master who was much greater than the past, present, and the future." Essence Balzac was born in Dal City in western France. When he was a child, he studied at the Wan Domem Church School and then entered a university in Paris to study laws. After graduating, Balzak was determined to engage in literary creation regardless of his parents' opposition. The historical tragedy of the first work "Cromwell" completely failed. Once abandoned the text, the business failed. The commercial failure made him debt and dragged down his life, but also laid a solid foundation for his future creation. In 1829, he published a novel "Shuang Party". This is the first work of Balzak's reputation of the world. Since then, with a strong energy, he has written one work after another, which has built a magnificent literary building- "Earth Comedy". Langtai, "Gao Old", "Disease", "Aunt Bei" and so on. (11) "Old Man and Sea" "Old Man and Sea" is a novel in the middle. Heming prestige. Published in 1952. This is the continuation and development of the "tough guy character" he described since the 1920s. The novel mainly wrote a Cuban old fisherman who was full of wind and frost for 84 consecutive days of fishing at sea without gaining. On the 85th day, he continued to fish. Finally, he caught a Malaysian forest fish. For the siege, the old man San Tia was struggling with the shark for three days. As a result, when the old man returned to the shore, there was only a pair of huge fish skeletons. Through the struggle between man and nature, the novel expresses the theme of people who must bravely face failure. Although San Tiago failed in the struggle symbolizing the same doom, he did not yield in front of doom. He believed that although man could be temporarily defeated, the spirit and will of man would never be defeated. "A person is not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as possible, but he is invincible." The novel has high generalization, fables and symbolicity in art. The character of the character is used to describe the character of the character. The language is clear and smooth. This: Hemingway (1899-1961), American novelist. After graduating from middle school, he served as a trainee reporter. Early works showed the emotions of the young generation of the younger generation after the First World War, and they are known as the representative of the "confused generation". In the late 1920s, it was widely traveled in Florida in the United States. He wrote a lot of short stories with boxers, bulls, fishermen, hunters, etc., and created a "tough guy character". During the Second World War, he was a reporter in Europe. His main works include short stories "In our time", "Man without a Woman", novels, "Farewell, Weapon", the novel "Old Man and Sea", and another "The Sun has also risen to rise "," Yes and Nothing "," Who Wet the Bell "," Cross the River into the Forest ", close -up" Spain's Land "and so on. The work has a unique ideological and artistic style, and is a master of language art who opened a generation of style. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. (12) "Ten Day Talks" The work analysis: "Ten Day Talks" is a collection of short stories. It is the first realist work in the history of modern literature in Europe. Written in 1384, the book was in 1353. The novel is refined and the language is vivid. The work began to describe 10 men and women. In order to avoid black death, they lived in a villa in the countryside of Florence. Everyone told a story every day and told 100 stories in 10 days. It reflected the broad real society of Italy at that time, opposed abstinence, praising men and women's love, opposing level privileges, preaching human equality, exposing the decay and ignorance of the nobles, and attacking the hypocrisy and ridiculous of the monks. Most of the stories are based on historical events, medieval folk legends, and oriental folk stories. In the form, it broke through the method of simply storytelling in the medieval novels, trying to explore new ways to describe natural style, outline character characteristics, portraying character psychology and sculpture image, which has a significant impact on the development of European novels later. This: Bujuchu (1313-1375), one of the earliest representatives of the Renaissance in Italy, enthusiastically studying ancient books, scholars who are well known in Greek, and produced. He has authored a novel "Phillo Corolo", epic "Murdeda", "Philotrato", pastoral "Ameto", long poem "Phantom of Love", "The Goddess of Fisharino" Wait, the most important work on the short story on the short story "Ten Day Talks". These works reflect the views of humanism and the characteristics of early humanism, such as advocating retro culture, opposing the church's asceticism, affirming that people have the right to enjoy the happiness of this world, praise the love and joy of the world, etc. At the same time, they also express humanistic thought The narrowness of personal happiness and personal interests are the supreme things. This is the initial result of capitalist bud in ideology. He and Ding Ding and Petrack also called the "three Jie" in the early days of the Renaissance.
I will list you some of my own: "Misery World", "Red and Black", "Earl of Christ", "Recalling the Year of the Water" (all four are French masterpieces), "Walden Lake", "Overwatch in the wheat field", "Shake of Life", "The Moon and the Six Pooths"
Because I prefer foreign masterpieces, the above are foreign. This, there should be "Ordinary World" that is more famous. Well, if you haven't seen it, don't say anything.
wenku./link?ur=__-ns8whaemq rn./link?url=-_mita n R n L " / 23 works 4" Scream " / 33 books 5" Talking about Beauty Books " / 44 books 6" Species " / 52 books 7" Dream of Red Mansions " / 59" Old Man and Sea " / 70 books 9" Ziye " / 82 Masterpiece 10 "Thunderstorm" / 93 works 11 "Resurrection" / 106 works 12 "Siege" / 121 masterpieces 13 "Misery World" / 136 books 14 "Reminiscence of the Year of the Water" / 143 books 15 "Home" / 150 books 16 "Church "Dashan" / 161 books 17 "Water Margin" / 175 books 18 "Overwatch in Wheat Fields" / 185 books 19 "Notre Dame" / 193 books 20 "Journey to the West" / 203 books 21 " / 1111 book 22" Sin and Punishment " / 219 books 23" Goddess " / 227 book 24" Robinson Drifting " / 237 book" Analysis of Dreams " / 246 Book 26" Pocketer Wai Biography " / 251 Masterpiece 27 "Red and Black" / 260 book 28 "Goethe Talk" / 274 book 29 "Mathematics Principles of Natural Philosophy" / 286 book 30 "Quiet Don" / 291 book "Great Gatsby" / 297 books 32 "Farewell, Weapons" / 306 books 33 "Western Line No War" / 311 Books 34 "Mengtian Essay" / 317 book 35 "Unbearable Light in Life" / 323 book 36 "Hundred Years Lonely" / 329 books 37 "Dr. Riwago" / 338 books 38 "Twenty -two Military Regulations" / 350 books 39 "Transformers" / 359 book 40 "Outani Gelangtai" / 367 book 41 "Uncle Tom Uncle Tom The cabin " /
The foreign masterpiece profile
(1)" Anna Carenina "
" Happy families are similar, and unfortunate families have their own misfortunes. " -" "Anna Carenina"
The works: "Anna Carenina" is one of the most important masterpieces of Russian writer Tolstoy. As soon as this work came out, it attracted widespread attention. Russian writer Donervsky, who was contemporary, even believed that this was "a perfect artistic work". In modern European literature, "there is no similar thing to compare with it." "Anna Carenina" is indeed a great work. As a realist writer, Tolstoy wrote an unparalleled picture of Russian social life in the 1870s in this novel. Russian poet Fitt said that the author seems to have put the entire era into the novel.
The reflection of the era: "Anna Carenina" was created in the 1870s (1873-1877). At that time, Russia was in a period of historical changes. The ancient Russian feudal landlords were violently impacted by the wave of capitalism in Western Europe. "Everything is upside down, and everything has just begun." It refers to the old order of the feudal aristocracy, and the capitalist system has just begun. In this historical period of the old and new alternation, the most attractive to Tolstoy's attention is the change of family and the fate of women. The family tragedy is endless, and the scenes are now in front of him, and the news of a woman's suicide due to love problems makes him shock and sad. This may be the direct reason he created "Anna Kalenina".
The creative process: Tolstoy's creation of this novel is really spent. As early as 1870, Tolstoy began to conceive the novel. He told his wife, "I think of a typical of a woman who was born in a upper society and was married, but was a very painful woman." He said. "My task is to write this woman just poor but not guilty." In 1873, he started writing. His wife said in a letter to his loved ones that he wrote "a novel for modern life." The plot of the novel is "describing an unfaithful wife and all the tragedies that produce." He wrote in accordance with this idea. At first, he wrote very well. The first draft took about one month. But he finally completed the novel, but spent nearly five years of intense labor. It was not until 1875 that the novel began to publish in the Russian Herald. In 1878, the first one -line came out. In this long process of creation, he gradually expanded the scope of the subject matter, deepened the connotation of the theme, and strengthened the theme. As a result, this novel developed from a family tragedy caused by the infidelity of a wife at the beginning. The magnificent historical scroll of life.
The impact on Chinese modern literature: The impact of Lev Tolstoy is huge. The power of his thoughts and art has been engraved in the literary and ideological and cultural fields of countries around the world. The famous Austrian writer Zwweg said well: Tolstoy's influence "Ruwu is from the center of the kingdom of heaven ... Tolstoy's thoughts ... the various spiritual activities of the 20th century." Anna Carey "Nina" is the main force of this impact. In modern Chinese literature, the influence of Thorstai can also be seen everywhere. In Lu Xun's "A Tips", there is Torz Thai -style self -introspection and confession; in Bingxin's "A Melancholy Young Man", the protagonist is very similar to Il Qiann in "Juvenile"; Bingxin's other work The image of the mother in "Superman" can be said to be the incarnation of Tolsta Thai -style love; Ye Shaojun's "Ni Huanzhi", Mao Dun's "Three People", Lu Yin's "Once the Sea", Wang Tongzhao's "Smile", Xu Di Shan's of Xu Di Shan's Among the outstanding works of modern Chinese literature such as "Tournament of the Net", Tolstoy's pan -love theory, labor concept, and human concept of humanity are all reflected. Many Chinese writers talked about Tolstoy's influence on him when talking about his literary experience.
This: Tolstoy is the most complicated of all the great figures in the nineteenth century. —— Gorky
(1828-1910) is one of the greatest writers of Russia's greatest representative of Russia's greatest representative of Russia's critical realist literature. Born on September 9, 1828, in Asatania Polyina, Clarpvin County, Tullapi Province. The Tolstoy family is a famous nobleman. His father is Earl Nicholas Iric, and his mother Maria Nicholaevna is the daughter of the Duke of Nicholas Scene Walcomki. Tolstoy received a typical noble family education since he was a child. He studied at the Department of Oriental Language of Kazan University and was ready to be a diplomat. The following year was transferred to the Department of Law. His main works include the autobiographical trilogy, "Childhood", "Youth", "Youth", the novel "A Morning of a Landlist", "Cossack", the novel "War and Peace", "Anna Katney" Na "," Resurrection ". The long -story "War and Peace" and "Anna Carenina" created from the 1960s to the 1970s have won him a high world reputation. The "Resurrection" created in the late 1980s was a summary of the author's life creation and ideological exploration.
(2) "Piao"
Profting works: "Piao" is a novel with romanticism and reflecting the theme of the North and South War by the famous American female writer Margaret Michelle. The spirit of rebellion and hard work and self -improvement of the heroes showed by the protagonist Si Jiali have always made readers love it. On the eve of the Northern and Southern War of the United States, Miss S Jiali, a 16 -year -old Tarra Manor in Georgia, loves neighbors Ashi Welx. After the outbreak of the war, Ahli married his cousin Melani Hammton. When he was angry, he married Charles he did not love. Soon, Charles died of illness during the war, and Sai Jiali became a widow. At a fundraising ball, she met Captain Ritter Butler. The war was approaching Atlanta, and Sai Jiali fled Atlanta with the help of Captain Ritter and returned to Tara Manor. Seeing that the former manor had become ruins, S Jiali was determined to revive the homeland, and for this reason, at all costs. Soon, Swai's second husband Frank died in the duel, and she was widow again. Ryte loved S Jiali sincerely and enthusiastically, and Swelite married Ritter soon. Although Ritter has a similar temperament characteristic attracting her, she is still obsessed with Ah Li Li she has loved. Ritter left S Jiali with sadness, but Si Jiali realized that Ritter was the only one who could really love her.
This style: "Piao" created by Margaret Michelle (1900-1949) came out, and it instantly caused a sensation in the world. This was unexpected by the author. She only wrote this novel throughout her life, but based on this novel, she became a well -known celebrity. Some people describe that Michex is unknown to sleep at night, and wakes up the next morning to become the first celebrity in the country. The honorary honor was that in 1938, he won the Bonaipig Memorial Award, and won the Gold Medal of Southern Society in New York in the same year. Michelle was born on November 8, 1900 in Atlanta, Georgia. His father was a historian and was the chairman of the Atlanta History Society. Michelle studied medicine at the Smith Women's College of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Washington High School. In 1922, he served as a columnist of "Atlanta Daily", and later resigned due to ankle injury. Michelle has always liked to study history by his family. After resigning, he began to study the history of the North and South War between 1861 and 1865. Michelle wanted to reflect the research experience and achievements in the form of novels. After ten years of hard work, the novel "Piao" was finally completed. The publication of the novel immediately caused the world.
(3) "Jane Love"
The work Analysis: After the publication of "Jane Love", London was a sensation, and the famous writer Sak, a well -known writer of the author Charlotty Bronte, Ray praised it as "a masterpiece of a great genius". "Jane Love" describes the spiritual journey of the heroine's pain, suffering, resistance and pursuit. Jane is short and her appearance is not good, but she has a rich emotional world. She is never humble, maintaining her personality dignity, and winning Rochester's respect and admiration. Although she has gone through suffering, Jane Ai finally obeyed the call of the soul and returned to a fire in a fire. Essence Two sincerely loved the hearts of love and happiness. The success of "Jane Love" is that the work shaped the artistic image of the heroine Jane. Charlotte once said to two sister Emily Bronte and Annie Bronte: "I want to write a heroine for you, she is the same as me, her appearance is not amazing, she is short, but she wants It can also attract the interests of readers with any heroine you wrote. "The author's traditional writing of" Lang Cai Girls "successfully shaped a new type of woman image that is not outstanding and pursued an equal independent personality.
This style: Charlotty Bronte (1816-1855) was an outstanding female writer in the 19th century. ; Sister Emily Bronte (the author of "Huo Xiaoshan") and Annie Bronte are well -known in literary world, and they are called "Bronte's Three Sisters".
Charlotty was born at a poor rural pastor's house. He was sent to an orphanage as a child. After leaving the orphanage, he worked as a tutor, then continued to school, and taught English in the boarding school. Charlotty liked literature since childhood and loves writing. In 1846, he used the pen name "Bell" with two sisters and published the first collection of poems at his own expense. The publication of "Jane Love" in 1847 was a sensation in the literary world. The following year, her younger brother Brandwell and sister Emily died one after another. Soon the younger sister Annie also left the world. In order to forget the sorrow of life, she devoted her body and mind to writing, and completed the "Xie Li" (1949), "Veleter" (1853) and "Teacher" (1855).
(4) "Camellia Girl"
The works: This is a romantic love tragedy written by French writer Xiaozhong Ma. Margaret is a social star in Paris high society. Her extraordinary beauty and superb intelligence make her a chase of wealthy children. Since meeting with Alman, Alman's sincerity and dedication have made Margaret deeply moved, and the two loved each other. They stayed away from the prosperous city and lived a simple life in the suburbs of Paris. At this time, Alman's father asked Margaret to leave Almen for the reputation of the family. For the happiness of the Almamer family, Margaret left Almen. Alman, who did not know the inside, repeatedly insulted and embarrassed Margaret. Faced with the heavy blow of life, she was more discouraged by life. When Almen learned that true feelings rushed to Margaret, she died lonely in her apartment due to poverty and physical and mental suffering.
A Xiao Zhongma (1825-1895), French novelist and drama writer, is the illegitimate child of Da Zhongma. The identity of an illegitimate child made Xiao Zhongma ridicule others in childhood and teenagers. In adulthood, the pain of pain is that the reality of French society has caused many women like their mother and son to be insulted and injured, and they are determined to engage in writing to change social morality. "Camellia Girl" is a famous work. He adapted it into a drama of the same name in 1852 and achieved greater success. Later, Xiao Zhongma wrote more than 20 dramas, and the realism tended to be more vivid. Due to his own life, he published many "problem dramas" with the theme of illegitimate children. In addition to "Camellia Girl", his masterpieces include "Half of Society", "Money Problem", "illegitimate Son", "Mrs. Obre", "Foreign Women", "Denitz" and so on.
(5) "Christia's Enemies"
The works: "Christia's Enemies" is a rare novel in the world's rare giant system. The novel is clever, the plot is twisted, the exciting, and the story is full of legend. The story takes place during the restoration of France. The protagonist Duntis is the major deputy of the ship owner Molair's merchant ship "Egypt". He was arrested and imprisoned for 14 years. In prison, he met Elder Faria. Elderly made him a knowledgeable and omnipotent strange person, and told him the treasure place on the mountains of Christ. When the elders died, Duntis managed to enter the sacks wrapped in the prison and escaped the Iveburg prison. After being released from prison, he got treasure and became the Earl of Christian Mountain. He was determined to use money to punish evil and promote goodness in the name of God. He repaid the owner of Molair, who had taken care of his father, and then punished all the enemies who framed him with clever means. The novel began serializing in Paris in Paris in 1845. As soon as it was published, it immediately caused Paris. Gorky praised that the novel was "a glory of reading".
"Christia's Enemies" was born: Dazhong Ma specially loved to read "One Thousand and One Nights" and "Robin Han" and other romantic legendary novels. Essence Later, I carefully studied the style of Special History novels, and began to collect anecdotes and observe human customs in order to write popular novels. In 1842, he traveled on the Mediterranean and interested in Christian Island near Elba Island. He linked the island with the "Revenge Steel Diamond" case found in the Paris Police Police's old archives in 1838 So "Christia Enemies" was born. After the "Christian Enemies" were serialized in the "Debate", it immediately caused a sensation. The crazy readers wrote to the newspaper from all directions to inquire about the protagonist's experience in the future. The readers who were unable to hold back were even rushed to the printing factory to "buy" printing workers in order to see the story of the next day. A contemporary novel has such a "sensational effect", and its vitality can be so tenacious. Today, more than 100 years later, it is still loved by hundreds of millions of readers around the world. This situation is not much in the history of world literature. See.
This style:
Alexander • Zhongma (1802-1870), known as Dazhong Ma, is a representative of French romantic literature in the first half of the 19th century. His works are vivid, plot, and fascinating. Born in Velair -Korlett City on July 24, 1802. When he was young, he had been a small staff and document. He resigned from his duties because he wanted to engage in literary activities. The main literary achievements of Dazhong are in terms of novel creation. Representative works include "Three Swordsmen" (1844), "Queen Malg" (1845), and "Realm Mountain Enlust" (1845). Dazhong Ma's life was very rich. When the Victor Hugo evaluated Dazhong Ma, he said: "He is as refreshing as the thunder shower in summer, and is a flattering person. He is thick cloud, thunder, and lightning, but he has never hurt anyone. Everyone knows that he is as gentle as Ganlin in the drought and is generous. "
(6)" How to make steel is made "
The work analysis:" How to make steel "is The masterpiece of Soviet writer Ostrovsky is one of the most representative masterpieces in Soviet literature and one of the most exciting works in world literature. The novel describes the life of the protagonist Paul Kochakin, and has shaped us an endless and endless image of Bolswick. After the novel was published, it caused a huge response. The protagonist Paul also became a role model for the learning of the Soviet Union and our youth, inspiring people to move forward.
This: Soviet writer Ostrovsky (1904-1936), born in Ostransh County, Wallen, Ukraine, his father and mother are workers. Because of his poor family, he had only been in elementary school for three years, and was forced to make a living by himself. After the victory of the October Revolution, he joined the Volunteer Army. In 1920, he was injured. Soon after a fight with the flood, he got typhoid fever and rheumatism, and joined the party in 1924. He has served as the district party committee secretary and local party committee secretary of the Communist Youth League. In 1927, he was paralyzed and blind. He engaged in literary creation with amazing perseverance. In 1933, he wrote the first novel, "How is Iron and Steel Made". In 1935, he was awarded the Lenin Medal. In 1936, "Born in the Storm" (the first part in the trilogy) was completed.
(7) "War and Peace"
The work analysis: Tolstoy's masterpiece "War and Peace" is the first epic and long book in the history of Russian literature. The novel was based on the war of Russia in 1812 and centered on the Russian Patriotic War in 1812, reflecting major historical events from 1805 to 1820. The novel was written from the Petersburg nobles in 1805 that Napoleon's battle in Europe was written. The work focuses on the thoughts and actions of Paul Conseci, Biekhof, Rostov, and Kurakin's forty families in war and peace. The fate of Natasha is a clue of the plot that runs through, depicting the social style of Russia and showing a vast picture of life. It is a realistic, heroic novel. The emergence of novels is just a period of unprecedented prosperity in Russia's critical realism literature. It looks like a bright star to add glory to Russian literature and also win the reputation of the world's literature for Tolstoy.
This style:
Tolstoy is the most complicated of all the great characters in the nineteenth century. —— Gorky
(1828-1910) is one of the greatest writers of Russia's greatest representative of Russia's greatest representative of Russia's critical realist literature. Born on September 9, 1828, in Asatania Polyina, Clarpvin County, Tullapi Province. The Tolstoy family is a famous nobleman. His father is Earl Nicholas Iric, and his mother Maria Nicholaevna is the daughter of the Duke of Nicholas Scene Walcomki. Tolstoy received a typical noble family education since he was a child. He studied at the Department of Oriental Language of Kazan University and was ready to be a diplomat. The following year was transferred to the Department of Law. His main works include the autobiographical trilogy, "Childhood", "Youth", "Youth", the novel "A Morning of a Landlist", "Cossack", the novel "War and Peace", "Anna Katney" Na "," Resurrection ". The long -story "War and Peace" and "Anna Carenina" created from the 1960s to the 1970s have won him a high world reputation. The "Resurrection" created in the late 1980s was a summary of the author's life creation and ideological exploration.
(8) "Resurrection"
"Resurrection" is a masterpiece of Russian criticism of realist writer Tolstoy, and is one of the immortal masterpieces of world literature. The protagonist of the novel, Kaqiusha Martrova, was originally a daughter of a noble landlord's house. She was abandoned by the master's nephew and the Duke of the nobles Niechlotov. As a result, she was caught in a suffering life. She was driven away by the host with her pregnancy, wandering around, and became a prostitute for eight years. Later, she was arrested and killed by her fortune. Ten years later, Niehlionv appeared in court as a jury to trial the case of Matlova. He recognized the defendant, who was abandoned by him ten years ago, and he was condemned by his conscience. In order to atone for his soul, he ran around to reduce his sentence for her. When all the efforts were invalid, Martelova was escorted to Siberia and Niechlotv walked with her. On the way, the notice of the emperor Enzhulova's sentence was reduced, and the hard work was exiled. At this time, although Marslova loved Niechlotov, for his future, he rejected his proposal and combined with political prisoners Simon pine. The experience of the two protagonists show their spiritual and moral resurrection. The novel revealed the officials who were corrupt and the law, and touched the nature of the old law.
(9) "Notre Dame"
The works: "Notre Dame" in Paris was published in 1831, the founder of Hugo, the founder of Hugo The novel of value is known as the masterpiece of romanticism.
The tragic story of the persecution of the church's darkness, the hypocrisy of the monks, and the cruelty of feudal aristocracy were deeply revealed by the novel through the Gypsian girl Esmerada. The novel describes the 15th -century Paris society, but the social reality of the author's era is degraded. The passage is full of anti -feudal, anti -education and anti -society's darkness of romantic fighting spirit.
The author's style:
The first generation of Wenhao — Hugo
-Victor Hugo (1802-1885) is an important poet, novelist, drama and social activist in the 19th century. Born on February 26, 1802 in Beishangsong Province in eastern France. Hugo supports romanticism in literary ideology and politically supports bourgeois liberalism. In 1827, the rhyme script "Cromwell" and its preface. This "Preface" became an important declaration of the romantic movement at the time, and Hugo was also considered the leader of the romantic movement. The masterpieces of Hugo are: the novel "Notre Dame" (1831), "Tragic World" (1862), "Maritime Labor" (1866), "Smileman" (1869), etc. When the Paris Commune Uprising in 1871, Hugo was in Brussels. As the commune was brutally suppressed, he shouted loudly for the commune and made every effort to forgive the commune members. The novel "1993" published in 1877 is an important work in the later period of Hugo, which focuses on the author's humanitarian thought.
(10) "Gao Old"
The money can be bought and daughter. —— "Gao Old"
The work analysis: "Gao Old" is one of Barzac's masterpiece, occupying an important position in "Earth Comedy". It is a hub station in the huge structure of "World Comedy", known as the "prelude" of "Earth Comedy". The novel, "The veil of tearing off the warmth of family relationships", criticized the naked money relationship between people and people in the capitalist society with great artistic power. The environment of the novel is detailed and realistic, the details describes delicate and vivid, and the characteristics of typical characters are prominent, making the work have a high artistic charm, and it still attract readers all over the world.
This style: Balzak (1799-1850) is the most outstanding critical realist writer in France. Engels said he was "a master of realist master who was much greater than the past, present, and the future." Essence Balzac was born in Dal City in western France. When he was a child, he studied at the Wan Domem Church School and then entered a university in Paris to study laws. After graduating, Balzak was determined to engage in literary creation regardless of his parents' opposition. The historical tragedy of the first work "Cromwell" completely failed. Once abandoned the text, the business failed. The commercial failure made him debt and dragged down his life, but also laid a solid foundation for his future creation. In 1829, he published a novel "Shuang Party". This is the first work of Balzak's reputation of the world. Since then, with a strong energy, he has written one work after another, which has built a magnificent literary building- "Earth Comedy". Langtai, "Gao Old", "Disease", "Aunt Bei" and so on.
(11) "Old Man and Sea"
"Old Man and Sea" is a novel in the middle. Heming prestige. Published in 1952. This is the continuation and development of the "tough guy character" he described since the 1920s. The novel mainly wrote a Cuban old fisherman who was full of wind and frost for 84 consecutive days of fishing at sea without gaining. On the 85th day, he continued to fish. Finally, he caught a Malaysian forest fish. For the siege, the old man San Tia was struggling with the shark for three days. As a result, when the old man returned to the shore, there was only a pair of huge fish skeletons. Through the struggle between man and nature, the novel expresses the theme of people who must bravely face failure. Although San Tiago failed in the struggle symbolizing the same doom, he did not yield in front of doom. He believed that although man could be temporarily defeated, the spirit and will of man would never be defeated. "A person is not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as possible, but he is invincible." The novel has high generalization, fables and symbolicity in art. The character of the character is used to describe the character of the character. The language is clear and smooth.
This: Hemingway (1899-1961), American novelist. After graduating from middle school, he served as a trainee reporter. Early works showed the emotions of the young generation of the younger generation after the First World War, and they are known as the representative of the "confused generation". In the late 1920s, it was widely traveled in Florida in the United States. He wrote a lot of short stories with boxers, bulls, fishermen, hunters, etc., and created a "tough guy character". During the Second World War, he was a reporter in Europe. His main works include short stories "In our time", "Man without a Woman", novels, "Farewell, Weapon", the novel "Old Man and Sea", and another "The Sun has also risen to rise "," Yes and Nothing "," Who Wet the Bell "," Cross the River into the Forest ", close -up" Spain's Land "and so on. The work has a unique ideological and artistic style, and is a master of language art who opened a generation of style. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
(12) "Ten Day Talks"
The work analysis: "Ten Day Talks" is a collection of short stories. It is the first realist work in the history of modern literature in Europe. Written in 1384, the book was in 1353. The novel is refined and the language is vivid. The work began to describe 10 men and women. In order to avoid black death, they lived in a villa in the countryside of Florence. Everyone told a story every day and told 100 stories in 10 days. It reflected the broad real society of Italy at that time, opposed abstinence, praising men and women's love, opposing level privileges, preaching human equality, exposing the decay and ignorance of the nobles, and attacking the hypocrisy and ridiculous of the monks. Most of the stories are based on historical events, medieval folk legends, and oriental folk stories. In the form, it broke through the method of simply storytelling in the medieval novels, trying to explore new ways to describe natural style, outline character characteristics, portraying character psychology and sculpture image, which has a significant impact on the development of European novels later.
This: Bujuchu (1313-1375), one of the earliest representatives of the Renaissance in Italy, enthusiastically studying ancient books, scholars who are well known in Greek, and produced. He has authored a novel "Phillo Corolo", epic "Murdeda", "Philotrato", pastoral "Ameto", long poem "Phantom of Love", "The Goddess of Fisharino" Wait, the most important work on the short story on the short story "Ten Day Talks". These works reflect the views of humanism and the characteristics of early humanism, such as advocating retro culture, opposing the church's asceticism, affirming that people have the right to enjoy the happiness of this world, praise the love and joy of the world, etc. At the same time, they also express humanistic thought The narrowness of personal happiness and personal interests are the supreme things. This is the initial result of capitalist bud in ideology. He and Ding Ding and Petrack also called the "three Jie" in the early days of the Renaissance.
I will list you some of my own: "Misery World", "Red and Black", "Earl of Christ", "Recalling the Year of the Water" (all four are French masterpieces), "Walden Lake", "Overwatch in the wheat field", "Shake of Life", "The Moon and the Six Pooths"
Because I prefer foreign masterpieces, the above are foreign.
This, there should be "Ordinary World" that is more famous. Well, if you haven't seen it, don't say anything.